Three Kinds of Places Where Volcanoes Can Occur

Volcanoes

A volcano is where molten stone erupts through the surface of the planet.

When the gases from the volcano escape from the opening of the surface of the Volcano, the molten rock and the ash become solid as they cool, this is how Volcanos happen.

Bromo volcano (Indonesia) crater at sunrise

What is the Deviation Between Magma and Lava?

When there is magma, it means that there is a liquid stone that is found within of a volcano. Lava is the magma when it flows out of the Volcano.

When lava just flows, information technology is usually red, but when it flows for a while, it volition turn white.

What Are the Types of Volcanos?

Composite Volcanoes-Composite volcanoes are volcanoes that are made from all kinds of layers of volcanic rocks. They are steep and have tall sides. Mount St. Helens is a composite volcano.
Shield Volcano-A volcano that is shaped similar a basin is a shield volcano. This type of Volcano has long slopes that are made when the lava flows. This type of lava is basaltic lava, so these types of volcanoes are called alluvion basalts. The Columbia Platea has many shield volcanoes.
Cinder Cones-These types of volcanoes are circular or oval cones that are made upwardly of small pieces of lava from magma and gas that have erupted and been pushed into the air. This lava cools equally it falls around the opening, and this is a cinder cone.
Splatter Volcanoes – A spatter volcanoes are different from other volcanoes in the way lava is released. They release lava in clots chosen spatter.
Circuitous volcanoes – These are volcanoes that have a lot more features thank a single type of Volcano.
Lava Volcanoes-Lava volcanoes happen when a volcano erupts quickly, and it has a very thick flow. This blazon of Volcano makes a steep mound, and the lava piles upwards close to the opening. When these volcanoes erupt, they cause gas and steam to go into the air.

Composite Volcanoes

Mount St Helens (Blended volcano) Washington, United States

In that location are a few different types of volcanoes, merely the almost dangerous ones are called composite volcanoes.

Many volcanoes that y'all have probably heard of are blended volcanoes. Some accept erupted in recent years, while others accept remained still for a very long fourth dimension.

What are composite volcanoes?

To understand blended volcanoes, in that location are a few facts you should know.

Composite volcanoes are also known as stratovolcanoes.
Composite volcanoes are the largest volcanoes, and they have the most trigger-happy eruptions.
They get their proper name from the fact that they course in layers. Each layer is made of a unlike type of fabric.
The layers of a composite volcano maybe rock, ash or lava.
Near blended volcanoes are in the grade of steep mountains, which often reach peaks of more than 2500m.
Composite volcanoes take hundreds of thousands of years to form.

Blended volcanoes have many conduits, which are similar tubes or pipes that allow cloth from deep inside the Volcano to achieve its surface and pour out. When the Volcano fills with magma, it erupts. Magma starts as the molten (hot) stone that forms deep beneath the surface of the Globe and then builds upwardly inside the Volcano.

What causes a composite volcano to erupt?

The deeper you lot go beneath the surface of the Earth, the hotter it gets. Far beneath the surface of the planet, just above its cadre, is the area known as the mantle.

The rock here can reach temperatures of 1000 degrees C. At that temperature. The stone becomes liquid. When information technology builds up, it squeezes out of the drape to libation areas and becomes magma. As the magma builds upward, it travels through the entire system of tubes (the Volcano's conduit).

When it builds up then much that it reaches the surface, the Volcano erupts. When this happens, h2o and gases mix with the material the Volcano is made of and causes something called a pyroclastic catamenia. This is the quickly-moving liquid mixture of lava, ash, and hot rock that spews out of the Volcano.

When a composite volcano erupts, the eruption can exist very vehement. Get-go, the Volcano spits ash, cinder, and hot rocks. Then it spews lava or molten rock. So information technology releases more ash. The magma in a composite volcano tin splatter like the cream on a milkshake because it is and then hot that it heats rocks and water, causing the h2o to steam.

After the eruption

Once the lava cools down, it becomes hard and forms plugs. If the plugs build upward too much force per unit area, some other eruption tin occur. If not, the Volcano stays fallow (still). It may not erupt once more for tens of thousands of years. At this stage, the Volcano tin can also become extinct, significant that scientists do not wait it ever to erupt once more.

When a large composite volcano has erupted, it may remain as a depression in the Earth chosen a caldera. A caldera is a deep hole in the Earth where the Volcano in one case existed. Overtime (in the case of a composite volcano, a very long fourth dimension), a new volcano tin can form in this space.

Shield Volcanoes

Mauna Loa (Shield volcano) on the Big Island of Hawaii

If you saw a shield volcano, you might not even know it was a volcano. You lot tin can even visit one. The island of Hawaii has the biggest shield volcano in the world, Mauna Loa, or "Long Mountain."

Here are some basic facts virtually shield volcanoes:

Shield volcanoes become their proper noun from their shape, which looks like a warrior's shield.
Shield volcanoes are very wide.
They are not very steep. They rising slightly toward their centers and and then become flat again at the acme (very top).
Many islands are shield volcanoes.
Shield volcanoes erupt often, merely their eruptions are not usually violent.
Shield volcanoes are more often than not fabricated of lava from previous eruptions.
Compared to the lava from other types of volcanoes, the lava that erupts from a shield volcano is not very thick.
Over fourth dimension, they can get huge mountains.
A shield volcano's eruption is called a "Hawaiian eruption" because many of the Hawaiian Islands are shield volcanoes.
An area in the Pacific Ocean that includes Hawaii is known as the "Ring of Fire" because it contains many shield volcanoes.

How exercise shield volcanoes erupt?

When a shield volcano erupts, a lot of hot lava flows out of it. Because it is non very thick, the lava travels a greater distance than the lava from the eruption of other kinds of volcanoes.

The lava spreads out in large areas, which is why these volcanoes are low and very wide. Big shield volcanoes tin be v to 6 km wide and well-nigh 460 to 610 km high. Some are much larger.

Mauna Lao is the world's largest shield volcano. Information technology rises to 4,169 m higher up body of water level and is 97 km broad! The Volcano is and then heavy that information technology has fallen into the Earth's chaff.

Where do shield volcanoes grade?

Volcanoes form in areas called hot spots. These are places where a large volume of rock in the Globe'south mantle, an expanse beneath its surface, melts. When hot spots are in the ocean, shield volcanoes are formed. They rise out of the body of water as islands.

How are shield volcanoes unique?

A few things that make shield volcanoes different from other kinds of volcanoes are

Rift zones
Fissures
Lava tubes

Rift zones are places along with volcanoes that comprise lines called fissures. These volcanoes may erupt forth the fissures instead of in the center like other volcanoes.

Fissure eruptions create a "wall of fire." The wall of fire somewhen dies down until the Volcano is erupting only in a few spots.

Lava tubes are tubes within shield volcanoes that contain lava. The existence of lava tubes in shield volcanoes is one reason that they produce so much lava when they erupt.

There are three kinds of lava produced by shield volcanoes:

Pahoehoe (pa-hoy-hoy) lava is the thinnest type of lava.
A'a (ah-ah) lava is a little thicker than pahoehoe lava.
Pillow lava forms under the body of water.

Since shield volcanoes usually course in a body of water, they can also take a kind of eruption called a hydrovolcanic eruption. "Hydro" means water, and then hydrovolcanic eruptions occur when h2o and lava mix.

This blazon of eruption tin happen underwater, creating clouds of ash and steam. The h2o cools the lava and causes it to form in mounds that resemble pillows. That's why lava that forms nether the body of water is called pillow lava.

Shield volcanoes tin erupt continuously for long periods, only as mentioned, their eruptions are not usually violent or unsafe. One of the shield volcanoes in Hawaii has been erupting for about 30 years.

Cinder Volcanoes

Volcán de Parícutin (Cinder volcano) Mexico

Cinder cone volcanoes are pocket-size compared to composite volcanoes that course huge mountains and shield volcanoes, which are depression and wide.

Cinder volcanoes are the simplest type of Volcano. They have steep sides and a bowl-shaped crater at the peak.

These volcanoes can form very rapidly, sometimes in a thing of days.

Some basic things to know about cinder cone volcanoes are:

Cinder cone volcanoes are small and have a uncomplicated structure.
Cinder cone volcanoes are shaped similar cones.
Cinder cones are also known as scoria cones.
The pieces of ash and cinder that form cinder cone volcanoes are known equally basaltic fragments.
Cinder cone volcanoes are formed by Strombolian eruptions.
The lava from a cinder cone volcano is very thick.

How practise cinder cone volcanoes course?

When hot lava forms under the Globe about an opening in its surface, the lava can build upwards to the point that gases behave it through the opening – chosen a vent – and into the temper.

The lava so falls back to the ground and forms a cinder cone volcano. The pressure from gas beneath the surface of the Earth propels lava through the vent like a flop. The lava that forms cinder cone volcanoes cools very chop-chop.

By the time information technology falls back to Earth, it has become pieces of ash and cinder. The ash and cinder build up effectually the vent and forms a cone. Cinder cone volcanoes are more than the size of hills than mountains. They are usually symmetrical, often forming a perfect bowl or cone shapes.

The Strombolian eruptions that cause cinder cone volcanoes are depression-level eruptions. This type of eruption is named for the volcano island of Stromboli in Italy. The eruptions don't last very long are not very high. At about, hey will go a few hundred meters into the air. The thick lava from a Strombolian eruption does not travel very far, which is why cinder cone volcanoes are not very big.

Because the sides of cinder cone volcanoes are not very stiff, eruptions can push through the sides of the Volcano as well as shoot direct up through the top. When a cinder cone erupts through i of its sides, the side may collapse. The consequence is a "partial cone" or a equus caballus-shaped volcano instead of the usual rounded dome shape.

Cinder cone volcanoes may course in groups, or they tin can occur lonely. They can also occur on the sides of shield volcanoes and other kinds of volcanoes.

Spatter Volcanoes

Kilauea Volcano (Spatter volcano) in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

A spatter volcano is a special type of Volcano.

The master difference between spatter volcanoes and other volcanoes is the fashion lava is released from the Volcano and the type of lava that is released.

While other volcanoes usually release tall fountains of lava, spatter volcanoes release lava in clots chosen spatter. The release of spatter is chosen a spatter fountain.

Spatter fountains do not shoot up as loftier equally the fountains created in the kind of eruption that you probably imagine when you lot call up of a volcano. A spatter fountain is usually simply a few meters loftier. The eruption of a spatter volcano may look more like a burn down than a volcano eruption.

Hither are some facts almost spatter volcanoes:

Spatter volcanoes are named for the way lava flows out of them.
Lava flows out of a spatter volcanoes and forms glob called spatters that flatten and congeal on the ground.
Spatter volcanoes eject lava either from a unmarried vent or from a fissure on the surface of the Earth.
Spatter builds cones or walls of lava that hardens around the vent or crack.
They often have an irregular shape.
Spatter volcanoes occur in areas where there is a lot of liquid magma (secret lava), such as the Hawaiian Islands.

What exercise spatter volcanoes expect like?

Spatter volcanoes tin exist cones or ramparts (walls). If a spatter volcano forms around a unmarried vent, it will form in a round shape around the vent. This is a spatter cone. If the spatter is ejected from a fissure (a long crack in the ground), it will wait more than like a wall that forms on either side of the fissure. This is a spatter rampart. Sometimes after a spatter eruption, lava volition drain back into the fissure.

How does a spatter volcano form?

Like all volcanoes, spatter volcanoes are formed when molten (melted) rock chosen magma breaks through the surface of the Globe and forms a lava fountain. Molten rock beneath a volcano'south surface is called magma. In one case it breaks through the surface, it is called lava.

Spatter volcanoes commonly have a lot of liquid magma beneath their surfaces. When explosive gases mix with the magma, the gas and lava are released together from the Volcano, forming spatter.

Spatter is very pasty and fluid. For spatter to form, simply the right amount of gas is needed to create it. At that place has to be enough gas to prevent a lava flow but not plenty to break the lava autonomously into very small pieces.

Some other way to put this is that if there is a lot of gas, lava volition flow far from the spot of the eruption and create a much bigger volcano. If there is not enough gas, the smaller lava particles go smaller ash and cinder cone volcanoes instead.

How does spatter form?

Spatter forms when gases aggrandize and suspension the lava apart into clots. The clots may be anywhere from 1 cm to 50 cm across. When the clots fall dorsum to the surface of the Globe, they spread out and harden into spatter walls (ramparts) or spatter cones, which are rounder in shape.

Spatter is formed mainly from liquid rock (lava). The rock cools and hardens quickly before information technology tin can catamenia very far or become smoothen, which is why nearly spatter volcanoes have irregular shapes. The walls around the vents of spatter cone volcanoes are very steep because spatter is gummy and can build high walls.

Circuitous Volcanoes

Pacaya Volcano (Complex Volcano) California U.s.

Complex volcanoes are volcanoes that have features of more one unmarried blazon of Volcano.

The chief types of volcanoes are:

Blended volcanoes – big mountains composed of layers of volcanic material; these have the most violent eruptions.
Shield volcanoes – low, flat volcanoes created mostly by lava menstruation; they accept less violent eruptions than composite volcanoes.
Cinder cone volcanoes– simple volcanoes that grade when lava blasts through a vent in the Earth
Spatter volcanoes – similar to cinder cone volcanoes but created when gases mix with lava to grade "spatter."

If a volcano has more than ane lava vent or more than one dome, information technology is usually considered a circuitous volcano. Complex volcanoes are also chosen compound volcanoes. "Compound" means that two or more than things are joined together to class a unmarried unit of measurement.

How do complex volcanoes form?

A complex volcano can exist created when a big composite volcano overlaps a simple volcano, such as a cinder cone or spatter Volcano. It can also be created over fourth dimension when many eruptions of a composite volcano cause more than vents to open in the Earth.

This creates a complex system that tin have more one blazon of eruption. Multiple eruptions can pb to the creation of more than one lava dome or superlative in the same expanse as well as dissimilar kinds of small, unproblematic volcanoes.

Another characteristic of volcanoes that is important in understanding how complex volcanoes develop is a caldera. Very old volcanoes form one or more than calderas, which are big basins in the basis. Calderas are left behind when volcanoes or parts of volcanoes collapse.

Some calderas fill with water and get lakes. For example, Crater Lake in the United States formed after the eruption of a volcano called Mountain Mazama in 4600 B.C. The mount was virtually entirely destroyed in the eruption, and the part that remained collapsed into the Earth and formed a basin. The basin somewhen filled with water and became a lake that is 9.vii km broad and 1219 one thousand deep.

Even after a caldera develops, volcanoes tin go on to erupt, though sometimes they become extinct at this signal. If a caldera does not go a lake, groups of small cinder cones, spatter cones, and craters can develop around its rim, creating a complex volcano. A famous example of this is Yellowstone in the U.s.a., which is really a group of three calderas.

Lava Domes

What causes lava domes to form?

Lava domes can be formed from the inside out or from the aggregating of layers of lava. When they form from the inside out, each new eruption causes a new layer inside the dome that pushes the older layers out. When they form from the aggregating of layers of lava, each eruption causes a new layer of lava to pile on top of the existing dome.

Types of Lava Domes – there are four different types:

Torta domes are shaped similar cakes.
Peléean domes take tall spines on summit
Coulées are part of the lava dome and role lava flow.
Upheaved plugs are caused by strong eruptions.

What are the characteristics of different lava domes?

Torta domes are named because they resemble a cake. The word "torta" means cake in Spanish. Tortas are acquired mainly by eruptions on flat ground. Many of these kinds of domes can be establish in South America. When a torta dome forms, the lava from the eruption is pushed outward but does non become very far.

The upshot is a circular dome with a flat top. Tortas form in layers. Every time lava erupts through the vent at the center of the dome, a new layer is formed within, and the older layers are pushed further outwards.

The offset lava dome to be called a Peléean dome formed on Mount Pelee on the Caribbean area isle of Martinique. Peléean lava domes are the steepest blazon of lava dome. They are round like tortas, but instead of having a flat top, they have tall spines at the height. Peléean domes are usually caused by the eruptions of composite volcanoes.

Coulées are part of the lava dome and part lava flow. Coulées unremarkably grade on very steep slopes. Some of the lava flows away from the dome and hardens into ridges a altitude abroad from the dome itself.

An upheaved plug is caused past a stronger eruption of lava than the eruptions that cause other types of lava domes. They are the least common type of lava dome. The force of the eruption causes an "upheaval" in the footing, and lava is pushed directly up with smashing forcefulness. Upheaved plugs are very high and often conduct rock and sediment from the surface of the Earth along with the lava.

Cryptodomes

In that location is another type of structure that is non exactly a lava dome only is related to ane. It is called a cryptodome.

Cryptodomes begin to form below the surface of the Globe.

"Crypto" means mysterious or hidden, so the proper name cryptodome refers to the fact that these domes cannot be seen when they commencement begin to form. They are formed by magma, which is molten rock, gas, and other particles below a volcano'south surface.

Magma is basically the aforementioned matter equally lava, just it has non even so broken through the World's surface.

Cryptodomes tin can get large enough to course a bulge on the surface of the Globe by expanding and pushing on the surrounding rock.

An example of a cryptodome is a bulge that began to form on Mount St. Helens, a volcano in the The states.

The bulge became larger and more and more unstable, and vulcanologists (people who study volcanoes) realized that the Volcano was going to erupt. Certain plenty, the eruption occurred in 1980.

What Happens When a Volcano Erupts?

When in that location is the pressure level that builds up in the Volcano, it will crusade an eruption. When the pressure becomes so strong, the gases, rock, and lava volition shoot up and volition flow out of the opening of the Volcano.

When a volcano erupts, hot lava goes downward the slope of the Volcano along with ash and gases that get into the air.

Sabancaya Perú

What Do Volcanoes Crusade?

When a volcano erupts, it tin can cause all kinds of disasters.

Mudslides
Avalanches
Hot ash to fall
Floods
Earthquakes
Mudflows
Rockslides
Flooding
Tsunamis
The fall of forests

What Causes a Volcano to Form?

There are volcanos that course when magma that is in the pall of the Earth starts to come to the surface of the Earth through cracks.

As the lava continues to menstruation and and then harden considering information technology becomes cooler, it volition go bigger and bigger.

The Volcano will go along to erupt, and eventually, it can exist a very large volcano.

What Causes a Volcano to Erupt?

Since the chaff of the Earth is fabricated up of plates that fit together, these plates move around. When the plates motion, it causes there to be friction.

When friction happens in an expanse where volcanoes are formed, it can cause the magma to come through the cracks between the plates. When magma and gas build-upward, it causes an eruption.

What Are the Different Stages of a Volcano?

Active
Fallow
Extinct

An active volcano is one that has erupted recently and may erupt again soon.

A volcano that is dormant is a volcano that tin erupt but has non for a very long time.

An extinct volcano is a volcano that volition never erupt once again just has erupted thousands of years agone.

MtCleveland

Pyroclastic Flow

When a volcano erupts, much rock, gases, and lava flow out of the Volcano and out of the sides of the Volcano. These things that come out of the Volcano are usually either solid or partly solid.

When a pyroclastic period happens, it looks like a rockslide or an barrage, except it is hot lava that is pouring down the Volcano. This happens and then fast that the period is as fast as a hurricane.

A pyroclastic menses volcano is the deadliest of all volcanic eruptions.

Lahar

A lahar is fabricated up of debris, pyroclastic material, rock, and water.

This material will flow down a volcano close to rivers or valleys. When this happens, the material is a liquid when it moves, but when it stops, it is like cement, and it becomes very hard and solid.

This causes a lot of damage to different areas that are hit with lahars.

Pumice

When at that place are eruptions, pumice is formed. Pumice is a volcanic rock that is lite and porous.

This type of stone looks like a sponge because it has gas bubbles that form in it when it becomes solid. Whatsoever type of magma volition create pumice. Some types of magma include:

Andesite
Dacite
Rhyolite
Basalt

Famous Volcanoes

There are many volcanoes that are famous because of their big eruptions.

Mauna Loa is 13,677 feet high above sea level. This is the largest Volcano that is active. It is located in Hawaii.
The Ring of Fire is an area of volcanoes that are institute around the Pacific Ocean. There are 452 volcanoes here, and more than fifty% of them are considered to be active volcanoes.
Krakatoa is a volcano in Republic of indonesia that was dormant until 1883. In 1883 information technology erupted and killed more than twoscore,000 people and destroyed a concatenation of islands.
Mount Pelee was a fallow volcano until 1902. It is located in Martinique. When it erupted, more 30,000 people were killed in just minutes.
Mount Fujiyama is found in Nihon. Information technology is 3,776 meters loftier. It has not erupted for more 300 years and is right now considered to be a fallow volcano.

Lava fountain USGS

What Should You Do If Y'all Live Close to an Active Volcano?

Accept a disaster plan.
Watch out for flooding, earthquakes, falling ash, tsunamis, and mudslides.
E'er have a kickoff aid kit available.
Keep food, drinks, and openers shut to where you can find them.
Always keep a radio that works on batteries.
E'er go along a flashlight that works on batteries.
Evacuate if necessary.
Avert areas that become in river valleys or are downstream of the Volcano.
If you become defenseless within, make sure that y'all close all the doors and windows.
Bring the animals within.
Put away all the things in your yard.
If y'all are outside, find somewhere to get inside.
If in that location is falling stone, comprehend your head.
If you are by a stream, spotter out for mudslides.
Article of clothing long sleeves and pants to protect yous from ash that is falling.
Article of clothing goggles to protect your eyes.
Wearable a mask to keep from animate the ash and smoke.
Articulate all ash from the roofs because it can cause your roof to cavern in.

Volcano Facts for Kids:

Volcanoes tin can cause harm for miles and miles.
Volcanic ash can cause airplane engines to not piece of work.
Ash is minor pieces of lava and rock that are shot out when a volcano happens.
Crops tin can exist destroyed past volcanoes.
When at that place is a lot of ash that covers a large area, information technology is called ash rug.
Most volcanoes happen where 2 plates meet.
Over fifty volcanoes have erupted in the last 200 years.
Hot stuff below the surface is magma, but when information technology is above the surface, it is called lava.
The discussion Volcano comes from the god of burn in Roman mythology, Vulcan.
When in that location are narrow cracks in the crust of the Earth, this is called fissures.
Geysers happen because volcanic rut warms h2o that is trapped in the footing, and the geysers shoot the water out in the air. The water is boiling hot.

What Did You Learn?

What is a volcano? A volcano is a landform, usually a tall or steep mountain that has a molten rock that erupts and slides downwards the landform.
What is magma? Magma is the lava that is below the surface.
What is lava? Lava is magma that is above the surface.
Are volcanoes dangerous? Volcanoes can exist very dangerous and can destroy cities in seconds.
What are the 3 stages of volcanoes? The three stages of volcanoes are active, dormant, and extinct.

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Source: https://www.coolaboo.com/earth-science/volcanoes/